Reverse transcriptase (RT) activity has been reported in bivalves affected by haemic neoplasia (HN). Since all retroviruses have RT, detection of RT activity was regarded as evidence for the retroviral etiology of HN. This study investigates the relationship between RT levels and the progress of HN ...

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) persistency was examined in 12 Holstein dairy herds in Charlottetown, Canada, from Feb. 2009 to Oct. 2009. A total of 469 serum and ear notch biopsy pairs were collected. Depending upon the age and vaccination status, the sampled animals were divi...

Since all retroviruses possess reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme, reverse transcriptase activity has been the main supportive evidence of retroviral etiology of haemic neoplasia (HN) in soft shell clams, Mya arenaria. The objective of the present study was to search for a putative retrovirus in vari...

Detection/removal control method of Aleutian disease by CIEP detection of ADV-antibody and farm or barn depopulation/repopulation, have been the recommended approaches of AD control since mid 1970s. The detection/removal was, at least under common N. American husbandry conditions, unsuccessful in co...

A significant proportion of infected mink of non-Aleutian genotype naturally resists progression to immune complex disease. The nature of the AD resistance is presumably genetic. While hypergammaglubulinemia can be insensitively detected by an iodine test, more sensitive diagnosis of hyper-γ globul...

Haemic neoplasia (HN) is a leukemia-like disease that affects at least 20 species of marine bivalves including soft shell clam, Mya arenaria. Since the disease was discovered in 1969, the etiology remains unknown. A retroviral etiology has been suggested based on the detection of reverse transcripta...