Quantitative information was collected through a Delphi survey on the most important clinical signs and risk factors for diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis, babesiosis, cowdriosis, fasciolosis, parasitic gastroenteritis (PGE), schistosomosis, theileriosis and trypanosomosis, with the aim of compiling ...

This paper examines two large national data sets collected over several years and contrasts the patterns of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer, 1837), infections, the use of treatments and the occurrence of chalimus peaks between Norwegian and Scottish farms. Infection levels in Scotland were...

In New Brunswick, Canada, the sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, poses an on-going management challenge to the health and productivity of commercially cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. While the in-feed medication, emamectin benzoate has been highly effective for many years, evidence of increa...

Diagnosis and treatment of endemic infectious disease is crucial for productivity of cattle in rural sub-Saharan Africa, but shortages of trained veterinary professionals necessitate support for less well-trained cadres of animal health worker. A Delphi survey of veterinary experts provided quantita...

Sea lice are a persistent problem for farmed and wild salmonid populations. Control can be achieved through the use of veterinary medicines. A model was developed to describe the patterns of sea lice infection on salmon farms in Scotland and to predict the likely effect of various treatment strategi...

Increasing incidences of emerging and re-emerging diseases that are mostly zoonotic (e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome, avian influenza H5N1, pandemic influenza) has led to the need for a multidisciplinary approach to tackling these threats to public and animal health. Accordingly, a global...

On the Internet, there is an uneasy tension between the security and usability of authentication mechanisms. An easy three-part classification is: 'something you know' (e.g. password); 'something you hold' (e.g. device holding digital certificate), and 'who you are' ...

This article discusses important principles relevant to sampling strategies for monitoring ectoparasitoses in farmed fish. These principles are applied to demonstrate the implications of clustering in sampling practices for sea lice monitoring of farmed Atlantic salmon.

Thesauri have been important information and knowledge organisation tools for more than three decades. The recent emergence and phenomenal growth of the World Wide Web has created new opportunities to introduce thesauri as information search and retrieval aids to end user communities. While the...

Approaches to search interface design in information retrieval are discussed emphasising the importance of user choice in search navigation.

Analyses of a unique database containing sea lice records over an 11 year period provide evidence of changing infestation patterns in Scotland. The data, collected from more than 50 commercial Atlantic salmon farms, indicate that both species of sea lice commonly found in Scotland, Lepeophtheirus sa...

Purpose

This paper discusses a comparison of one heuristic and two Bayesian belief network based expert systems used to aid veterinarians in the process of differential diagnoses of equine diseases where coughing is the presenting clinical sign. Each implementation infers the likelihood of the presence of a...

The salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis is the most important ectoparasite of farmed salmonids in the Northern hemisphere, having a major economic and ecological impact on the sustainability of this sector of the aquaculture industry. To a large extent, control of L. salmonis reli...

This communication briefly reviews some of the factors which have shaped the current protocols for lice counting on salmon farms and points out that the motivation for counting is not always the same. It is also apparent that a number of widely accepted assumptions, such as those relating to presume...

Emamectin benzoate has been used to treat sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, infestations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Recent evidence suggests a reduction in effectiveness in some locations. A major challenge in the detection of tolerance emergence can be the typically l...

During this century livestock production has increased massively through the improved ability to diagnose, treat, control and prevent certain diseases. Despite these advances, disease remains a major constraint to livestock production and welfare throughout the world. In many instances, this is a re...

Background: Diagnosis is key to control and prevention of livestock diseases. In areas of sub-Saharan Africa where private practitioners rarely replace Government veterinary services reduced in effectiveness by structural adjustment programmes, those who remain lack resources for diagnosis and m...

A major contribution of this cluster of projects has been in the diagnosis of trypanosomiasis and other endemic diseases of livestock, improving the value of field data for research and, more importantly, improving the ability of field veterinarians in making appropriate diagnoses.

Readers will be aware that the issue of sea lice infection and control is a problem that affects farms in most salmon-producing areas. However, when discussing the problem or its solution with reference to other countries it is important to understand the major differences as well as similarities in...

Purpose To report results in the European Society of Cataract & Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) multicenter study of the prophylaxis of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery. Setting Twenty-four ophthalmology units and eye clinics in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, an...