Tuna are unusual among fish in that they are warm bodied. It is agreed that one adaptive advantage to being warm is that the warmth increases the rate of delivery of oxygen from the cell boundary to the mitochondria by myoglobin. Tuna have extremely high rates of oxygen uptake, much higher than othe...

Specific activity and kinetic constants of trypsin from the pyloric caeca of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were estimated. Although one group was fed more than twice as much as the other (1.8 compared with 0.7% body weight daily), there was no significant difference in the weight of the pyloric ca...

Giant bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) warm their viscera during and after a meal. The caecum of a 500-kg bluefin weighs about 9 kg and contains about 20 000 pyloric caeca, each about 10 cm long and 1.5 mm diameter. Trypsin was assayed with α-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide HCl and chymotrypsin wi...

The acetic acid test is commonly used in conscious mammals to determine nociceptive thresholds and efficacy of analgesics. The purpose of the present study was to examine the response of rainbow trout that were not anaesthetised during the acetic acid test. Rainbow trout (n=31) were trained to eat i...

The objective of our study was to estimate the overall (aerobic and anaerobic) energy expenditure involved in hatching in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. During hatching, there were significant increases (50% and 19%, respectively) in movement and oxygen consumption. There were no diffe...

We investigated the effects of the chorion on movement and growth in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos. To test if the chorion restricts movement and growth before hatching, we manually removed the chorion 3-6 days before the natural time of hatching (dechorionated) and compared movement, ...

Amphibious mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus (formerly Rivulus marmoratus), are frequently exposed to aerial conditions in their natural environment. We tested the hypothesis that gill structure is plastic and that metabolic rate is maintained in response to air exposure. During air exposu...

The purposes of the present study were to examine the rate of morphine uptake in goldfish (Carassius auratus (L., 1758)) when administered via the water, to calculate the pharmacokinetics of morphine when administered intraperitoneally, and to determine whether morphine could act as an analgesic. Wh...

Gill tissue was sampled from salmon (Salmo salar) that were transgenic for somatotropin and from non-transgenic control salmon. The transgenics were the F2 generation produced using eggs from a transgenic F1 female and milt from a non-transgenic male. At the time when the gill tissues were sampled, ...

In 1996, F2 growth hormone-transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) were produced using eggs from a transgenic F1 female and milt from a non-transgenic male. Non-transgenic control fish were also produced from the same stock. All fish were reared at 12-13°C and fed a commercial pelleted ration for ...

1. Mdx mice were used as a model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy; both lack dystrophin. It was hypothesized that the mdx condition would have a marked effect on the ability of diaphragm muscle from mdx mice to do active net work and generate power. This hypothesis was tested using the work-loop tech...

The incorporation of ammonia into glutamine, catalyzed by glutamine synthetase, is thought to be important in the detoxification of ammonia in animals. During early fish development, ammonia is continuously formed as yolk proteins and amino acids are catabolized. We followed the changes in ammonia a...

Shyness and boldness has been considered a fundamental axis of human behavioural variation. At the extreme ends of this behavioural continuum subjects vary from being bold and assertive to shy and timid. Analogous patterns of individual variation have been noted in a number of species including fish...

In two separate experiments, we investigated the effects of different types of suture material and patterns on wound healing in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss with (n=24) and without transmitter implants (n=35). We used absorbable and nonabsorbable monofilament and braided silk sutures in simple ...

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This study is the first to examine the contractility of teleost ventricular muscle in an oscillating muscle preparation. The experiments were designed to test the relative importance of Ca2+ released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma (SL) to cardiac performan...

We made a single intraperitoneal (IP) injection of morphine sulfate (40 mg/kg) into winter flounder and seawater acclimated rainbow trout at 10°C and then followed its disposition by measuring the change in plasma morphine concentration for 100 h using a morphine specific ELISA. Disposition also wa...

Many poikilotherms are known to adjust the membrane composition of their cells in response to a temperature change so that membrane fluidity, and therefore function, is conserved. Such compensatory changes in membrane composition are considered "homeovvscous adaptations." In this study, we...

In this study, we injected morphine sulfate IP into rainbow trout and measured the concentration of morphine and all potential metabolites in plasma using LC-MS/MS at a series of times after the injection. The pharmacokinetics of morphine were similar to those previously reported for seawater-acclim...

The major fraction of elevated oxygen uptake of liver and skeletal muscle tissue slices that occurs during cold adaptation in mice is ouabain sensitive.