| A nonspectroscopic method to determine the photolytic decomposition pathways of 3-chloro-3-alkyldiazirine | Wakahara, T.; Niino, Y.; Kato, T.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S. |
| Photolysis of diazirines in the presence of C-60 | Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Niino, Y.; Maeda, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Okamura, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S. |
| Structural determination of metallofuIlerene SC3C82 revisited | Liduka, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Nakahodo, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Sakuraba, A.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T.; Yoza, K.; Horn, E.; Kato, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Mizorogi, N.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S. |
| Laser flash photolysis studies of nitrogen ylides generated by the reaction of arylchlorocarbenes with substituted vinylpyridines and 1-azabuta-1,3-dienes | Bonneau, R.; Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Quantum yield of formation of diazo compounds from the photolysis of diazirines | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Experimental and theoretical studies of the scandium carbide endohedral metallofullerene Sc2C2@C-82 and its carbene derivative | Iiduka, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Nakajima, K.; Nakahodo, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T.; Yoza, K.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Mizorogi, N.; Nagase, S. |
| Isolation and characterization of a carbene derivative of La@C-82 | Maeda, Y.; Matsunaga, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Takahashi, S.; Tsuchiya, T.; Ishitsuka, M. O.; Hasegawa, T.; Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Kokura, K.; Horn, E.; Yoza, K.; Kato, T.; Okubo, S.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S.; Yamamoto, K. |
| Arylchlorocarbenes in the synthesis of heterocycles containing two nitrogen atoms | Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Nijjar, S. S.; Attanasi, O. A. |
| The facile synthesis of 1,2,3-trisubstituted pyrroles from the reaction of chlorocarbenes with 1-azabuta-1,3-dienes | Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| S-heterocyclic carbene with a disilane backbone | Nikawa, H.; Nakahodo, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Wakahara, T.; Rahman, G. M. A.; Akasaka, T.; Maeda, Y.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Meguro, A.; Kyushin, S.; Matsumoto, H.; Mizorogi, N.; Nagase, S. |
| 1,2-Hydrogen migration in carbenes and mimicking processes | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Does Gd@C82 Have an Anomalous Endohedral Structure? Synthesis and Single Crystal X-ray Structure of the Carbene Adduct | Akasaka, Takeshi; Kono, Takayoshi; Takematsu, Yuji; Nikawa, Hidefumi; Nakahodo, Tsukasa; Wakahara, Takatsugu; Ishitsuka, Midori O.; Tsuchiya, Takahiro; Maeda, Yutaka; Liu, Michael T. H.; Yoza, Kenji; Kato, Tatsuhisa; Yamamoto, Kazunori; Mizorogi, Naomi; Slanina, Zdenek; Nagase, Shigeru |
| Chemical modification of endohedral metallofullerene La@C82 with 3-chloro-3-phenyldiazirine | Ishitsuka, Midori O.; Enoki, Haruka; Tsuchiya, Takahiro; Slanina, Zdenek; Mizorogi, Naomi; Nagase, Shigeru; Liu, Michael T. H.; Akasaka, Takeshi |
| Isolation and characterization of carbene derivatives of LaC82(Cs) | Akasaka, Takeshi; Kono, Takayoshi; Matsunaga, Yoichiro; Wakahara, Takatsugu; Nakahodo, Tsukasa; Ishitsuka, Midori; Maeda, Yutaka; Tsuchiya, Takahiro; Kato, Tatsuhias; Liu, Michael T.H.; Mizorogi, Naomi; Slanina, Zdenek; Nagase, Shigeru |
| Determination of the photolytic decomposition pathways of benzylchlorodiazirine by C60 probe technique | Ishitsuka, M. O.; Enoki, H.; Nikawa, H.; Wakahara, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| A verification of the photolytic decomposition pathways of 3-tert-butyl-3-chlorodiazirine based on the application of the C-60 probe technique | Ishitsuka, M. O.; Niino, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S. |
| Spectroscopic, kinetic, and structural properties of rotamers of the 2-vinylpyridinium ylide of phenylchlorocarbene | Bonneau, R.; Collado, D.; Dalibart, M.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Photolysis of m-phenylene-bis(Chlorodiazirine)+2-vinylpyridine | Bonneau, R.; Collado, D.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Sulfur ylides generated from the reaction of adamantylidene and phenylcarbene with sulfur substrates | Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Hill, B. T.; Platz, M. S. |
| Sulfur ylides generated from the reaction of arylchlorocarbenes with trimethylenesulide | Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Kinetic and spectroscopic properties of carbene-diazirine ylides | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| New synthesis of 2,2 '-heteroarylpyrroles from heteroarylchlorocarbenes | Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Ma, W.; Moss, R. A. |
| Facile formation of azines from reactions of singlet methylene and dimethylcarbene with precursor diazirines | Shustov, G. V.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Houk, K. N. |
| A study of the vacuum pyrolysis of para-substituted diazoacetophenones with He(I) ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy | Werstiuk, N. H.; Muchall, H. M.; Ma, J. G.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| On the possibility of conversion of strained bridgehead alkenes into carbenes via 1,2 hydrogen and 1,2 carbon migrations. A theoretical study of the rearrangements in the adamantene and protoadamantene systems | Shustov, G. V.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Gas phase protonation of diazirines | Matsumoto, T.; Kobayashi, S.; Mishima, M.; Shustov, G. V.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Benzylchlorocarbene | Merrer, D. C.; Moss, R. A.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Banks, J. T.; Ingold, K. U. |
| Origin of the stereoselectivity of the intramolecular 1,2-hydrogen shift in singlet chlorocarbenes. A theoretical study | Shustov, G. V.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Rauk, A. |
| 1, 2-H shift in benzylchlorocarbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R.; Wierlacher, S.; Sander, W. |
| Kinetics of the 1, 5‐dipolar cyclization of 2‐Vinylpyridinium ylides to Indolizines. Determination of rate parameters by laser flash photolysis | Liu, Michael T. H.; Romashin, Y. N.; Bonneau, R. |
| Laser Flash Photolysis Studies: 1, 2-Hydrogen Migration to a Carbene | Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Photolysis of 3-chloro-3-aryldiazirines in the presence of amines and allyl alcohol | Liu, Michael T. H.; Romashin, Y. N.; Venkatachalam, T. K. |
| Mass spectrometric identification of polycycloaddition of arylchlorocarbenes and fluorenylidene to buckministerfullerene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Romashin, Y. N.; Kubota, M.; Ohashi, M. |
| Deformation density studies of ring systems. 2. The deformation density of the diazirine ring in the X-ray structure of 3-[(p-Nitrophenoxy) methyl]-3-chlorodiazirine | Kwiatkowski, W.; Bakshi, P. K.; Cameron, T. S.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Thermolysis and photolysis of arylchlorodiazirines in allyl bromide | Bonneau, R.; Grobys, M.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Himori, M.; Fukushima, K.; Ibata, T. |
| Self quenching reaction of (Phenoxymethyl) chlorocarbene with diazirine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chateauneuf, J. E. |
| Rearrangement of an ammonium ylide: mechanisms and kinetic parameters | Bonneau, R.; Reuter, I.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Synthesis of 3-substituted indolizines from the reaction of chlorocarbenes with 2-vinylpyridine | Bonneau, R.; Romashin, Y. N.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Macpherson, S. E. |
| First determination of an absolute rate constant for a 1, 2‐phenyl migration to a carbene | Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Photolysis of alkylhalodiazirines and direct observation of benzylchlorocarbene in cryogenic matrixes | Wierlacher, S.; Sander, W.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Cycloaddition of arylchlorocarbenes using ultrasound | Bertram, A. K.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Insertion of phenylchlorocarbenes in the C-H bonds of alkanes: measurement of the rate constants by laser flash photolysis | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Direct measurement of the energy barrier for 1,2-chlorine atom migration in α-methyl-α-chlorobenzyl (Chloro) crbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chateauneuf, J. E. |
| Laser flash photolysis study of substituent effects on the rate of 1, 2-H migration in a series of benzylchlorocarbenes | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Study of 1, 2-chlorine migration in (Alpha,alpha-dichlorobenzyl) chlorocarbene generated by laser flash photolysis of 3-chloro-3-(Alpha,alpha-dichlorobenzyl) diazirine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Deformation density of A diazirene ring in the X-ray structure of 3-[(Para-nitrophenoxy)methyl]-3-chorodiazirine | Cameron, T. S.; Bakshi, P. K.; Borecka, B.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Kinetics of intramolecular and intermolecular reactions of benzylchlorocarbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chapman, R. G.; Bonneau, R. |
| Carboxylation of carbenes in low-temperature matrixes | Wierlacher, S.; Sander, W.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Spectroscopic detection of ammonium ylides from arylchlorocarbenes and amines | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Absolute rate constant for the reaction of benzylchlorocarbene with hydrogen chloride | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chateauneuf, J. E. |
| Activation energy for a 1, 2-hydrogen shift in (phenoxymethyl) chlorocarbene | Chateauneuf, J. E.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Spectroscopic detection of an arylchlorocarbene-ethyl acetate carbonyl ylide and subsequent oxirane formation | Chateauneuf, J. E.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Energy barrier for 1,2-chlorine migration in α-methyl-αlpha-chlorobenzyl(chloro)carbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Murray, S.; Zhu, J. H. |
| Detection of carbonyl oxide from singlet para-nitrophenylchlorocarbene and oxygen | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R.; Jefford, C. W. |
| The thermal decomposition of diazirines: 3-(3-methyldiazirin-3-yl)propan-1-ol and 3-(3-methyldiazirin-3-yl)propanoic acid | Stevens, I. D. R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Soundararajan, N.; Paike, N. |
| Benzylchlorocarbene : kinetics parameters for 1,2-H migration, UB absorption spectrum, and mechanism for addition to alkenes | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| A laser flash photolysis study of carbonyl ylides of arylchlorocarbenes: kinetics and reversibility of the formation, cyclization, and cycloaddition | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Energy barrier for cyclopropylchlorocarbene rearrangement measured by direct observation of the carbene in laser flash spectroscopy | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Rates for 1, 2-migration in alkylchlorocarbenes | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Rayez, M. T. |
| Methylchlorocarbene: measurement of rate constants for 1,2-hydrogen migration and addition to alkenes | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Measurement of the absolute rate of 1,2-hydrogen migration in benzylchlorocarbene | Jackson, J. E.; Soundararajan, N.; White, W.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R.; Platz, M. S. |
| Formation of indolizines by the addition of α-chloroacrylonitrile to pyridinium ylides: regioselectivity and Hammett correlation | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Lapouvade, R. |
| Benzylbromocarbene: absolute rate constant for 1,2-hydrogen migration and ambiphilicity | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Suresh, R. V. |
| Spectroscopy and dynamics of para-nitrophenylchlorocarbene | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Activation parameters for the reaction of phenylchloro carbene with pyridine, tri- n -butyltin hydride, and triethylsilane; evidence against the need to invoke reversibly formed complexes in the reaction of this carbene with olefins | Jackson, J. E.; Soundararajan, N.; Platz, M. S.; Doyle, M. P.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| The barrier for 1, 2-hydrogen shift in dialkyl carbenes | Stevens, I. D. R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Soundararajan, N.; Paike, N. |
| Benzylchlorocarbene: a new ambiphile | Liu, Michael T. H.; Suresh, R. V.; Soundararajan, N.; Vessey, E. G. |
| Studies on benzylchlorocarbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Suresh, R. V. |
| Reactivity and selectivity in intermolecular insertion reactions of chlorophenylcarbene | Doyle, M. P.; Taunton, J.; Oon, S. M.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Soundararajan, N.; Platz, M. S.; Jackson, J. E. |
| Addition of arylchlorocarbenes to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters. Absolute rates, substituent effects, and variable reactivities | Soundararajan, N.; Platz, M. S.; Jackson, J. E.; Doyle, M. P.; Oon, S. M.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Anand, S. M. |
| Pyridine ylide formation by capture of phenylchlorocarbene and tert-butylchlorocarbene. Reaction rates of an alkylchlorocarbene by laser flash photolysis | Jackson, J. E.; Soundararajan, N.; Platz, M. S.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Preparation and crystal structure of 3-(1-naphthylmethyl)-3-chlorodiazirine | Linden, A.; Cameron, T. S.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Anand, S. M. |
| Effect of diazirine concentration on the reaction of 3-benzyl-3-chlorodiazirine with methanol | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| Behavior of carbonyl ylide generated from 3-chloro-3-(p-nitrophenyl)diazirine and acetone 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to benzaldehyde and epoxide formation | Ibata, T.; Toyoda, J.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Thermolysis and photolysis of 3-chloro-3-benzyldiazirines in alkenes; evidence for a carbene-alkene complex | Liu, Michael T. H.; Soundararajan, N.; Paike, N.; Subramanian, R. |
| Equilibrium constants for triphenylmethyl bromide and 3-bromo-3-phenyldiazirine in acetonitrile | Liu, Michael T. H.; Paike, N. |
| Kinetic studies of chloro-p-nitrophenylcarbene with acetone and diethyl fumarate | Liu, Michael T. H.; Soundararajan, N.; Anand, S. M.; Ibata, T. |
| Catalysis of olefin isomerization by tight ion pairs | Liu, Michael T. H.; Doyle, M. P.; Loh, K. L.; Anand, S. M. |
| Carbonyl ylide from 3-chloro-3-p-nitrophenylcarbene and acetone | Ibata, T.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Toyoda, J. |
| Formation of a dipolar adduct in the reaction of arylchlorocarbenes with diethyl maleate | Doyle, M. P.; Loh, K. L.; Nishioka, L. I.; Mcvickar, M. B.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Substituent and temperature effects on the reactions of benzylchlorocarbene with alcohol | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| Electron spin resonance studies of diazirine anion radicals | Elson, C. M.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Mailer, C. |
| Reaction of phenylchlorocarbene in oxygen-doped matrices | Ganzer, G. A.; Sheridan, R. S.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| on the thermal decomposition of diazirines | Liu, Michael T. H.; Tencer, M.; Stevens, I. D. R. |
| Energy barrier for 1,2-hydrogen migration in benzylbromocarbene | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| Transformation of phenylchlorodiazirines to 1,3-dioxolanes and a 1,3-dithiolane | Liu, Michael T. H.; Kokosi, J. |
| Reaction of benzylchlorocarbene with hydrogen chloride | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| Energy barrier for 1,2-hydrogen migration in benzylchlorocarbene | Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Kinetics of the oxidation of cyclohexene by thallium(II1) acetate | Loucks, L. F.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Durant, D. K. |
| Addition of an electrophilic carbene to an electron-deficient olefin. Kinetics of benzylchlorocarbene-diethyl fumarate reaction | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| The order of CH3CHO decomposition - comment | Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Temperature and matrix effects on competitive intermolecular and intramolecular reaction of benzylchlorocarbenes in ethanol | Tomioka, H.; Hayashi, N.; Izawa, Y.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Termolecular trapping of benzylchlorocarbene by methanol | Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R. |
| Photolysis fo 3-chlorodiazirine in the presence of alkenes: orientational factors in the intermolecular interception of chlorocarbene by alkenes | Tomioka, H.; Hayashi, N.; Izawa, Y.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Reactive intermediates in the photolysis and thermolysis of 3-chloro-3-benzyldiazirine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chishti, N. H.; Tencer, M.; Tomioka, H.; Izawa, Y. |
| Photolysis of 3-chlorodiazirine in the presence of alkenes. Kinetic evidence for intervention of a carbene-alkene intermediate in addition of chlorocarbene to alkene | Tomioka, H.; Hayashi, N.; Izawa, Y.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Electronic effect on 1,2-hydrogen shift in chlorocarbenes | Liu, Michael T. H.; Tencer, M. |
| Time-resolved and low-temperature absorption spectroscopic studies on 10-silaanthracen-9(10H)-ylidene | Sugawara, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hayashi, H.; Sekiguchi, A.; Ando, W.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Time-resolved-absorption spectroscopic detection of 10,10-dimethyl-10-silaanthracen-9(10H)-one oxide | Sugawara, T.; Iwamura, H.; Hayashi, H.; Sekiguchi, A.; Ando, W.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Absolute rate constants for the reactions of some arylchlorocarbenes with acetic acid | Griller, D.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Montgomery, C. R.; Scaiano, J. C.; Wong, P. C. |
| Hydrogen bonding in alcohols: its effect on the carbene insertion reaction | Griller, D.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Scaiano, J. C. |
| The thermolysis and photolysis of diazirines
| Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Dihydrosilaanthracenylidene and dihydroanthracenylidene | Sekiguchi, A.; Ando, W.; Sugawara, T.; Iwamura, H.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
|
Electrochemical behavior of diazirines | Elson, C. M.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Kinetics and mechanism of unimolecular decomposition of 3-methyl-1para-tolyltriazene | Vaughan, K.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition of N-nitrosodiphenylmethylimine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Ibata, T. |
| Photolysis and thermolysis of 3-normal-butyl-3-phenyldiazirine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Palmer, G. E.; Chishti, N. H. |
| Excitation and dissociation of 3-chloro-3-methyldiazirine and 1-pyrazoline by low-energy electron impact | Liu, Michael T. H.; Tanaka, T.; Hirotsu, T.; Fukui, K.; Fujita, I.; Kuwata, K. |
| Synthesis of 3-chloro-3-methyl-d3-diazirine | Liu, Michael T. H.; Chishti, N. H.; Burkholder, C. D.; Jones, W. E.; Wasson, J. S. |
| MNDO calculations on diazirines | Burkholder, D.; Jones, W. E.; Ling, K. W.; Wasson, J. S.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Reaction of 3-chloro-3-methyldiazirines with hydrogen atoms | Burkholder, C. D.; Jones, W. E.; Wasson, J. S.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Pyrolysis of trifluoroacetaldehyde, initiated by di-tertiary-butyl peroxide decomposition | Loucks, L. F.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Hooper, D. G. |
| Thermal decomposition of diazirines in the presence of meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. A method to determine the partitioning of reaction pathways | Liu, Michael T. H.; Yamamoto, I. |
| Laser flash photolysis studies on intra- and intermolecular reactions of some halocarbenes | Liu, Michael T. H.; Bonneau, R. |
| Rearrangement of alkylchlorocarbenes | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Kim, K. C.; Goodman, J. L. |
| A dipyridoimidazolium salt from phenylchlorocarbene and 2,2 '-bipyridyl | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Metal Atoms Collinear with the Spiro Carbon of 6,6-Open Adducts, M2@C80(Ad) (M = La and Ce, Ad = Adamantylidene) | Yamada, M.; Someya, C.; Wakahara, T.; Tsuchiya, T.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T.; Yoza, K.; Horn, E.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Mizorogi, N.; Nagase, S. |
| Effect of substituents on the thermal decomposition of diazirines | Liu, Michael T. H.; Choe, Y. K.; Kimura, M.; Kobayashi, K.; Nagase, S.; Wakahara, T.; Niino, Y.; Ishitsuka, M. O.; Maeda, Y.; Akasaka, T. |
| Adamantylidene revisited | Bonneau, R.; Hellrung, B.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Wirz, J. |
| Nanorods of endohedral metallofullerene derivative | Tsuchiya, Takahiro; Kumashiro, Ryotaro; Tanigaki, Katsumi; Matsunaga, Yoichiro; Ishitsuka, Midori O.; Wakahara, Takatsugu; Maeda, Yutaka; Takano, Yuta; Aoyagi, Motoki; Akasaka, Takeshi; Liu, Michael T. H.; Kato, Tatsuhisa; Suenaga, Kazutomo; Jeong, Jong S.; Iijima, Sumio; Kimura, Fumiko; Kimura, Tsunehisa; Nagasev, Shigeru |
| Photochemical decomposition of pyrazoline produced in the reaction of C60 with Diazoadamantane | Niino, Y.; Wakahara, T.; Akasaka, T.; Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Photo-labelling of C60 with 3-trifluoro-3-phenyldiazirine | Liu, Michael T. H. |
| Benzylchlorocarbene: UV absorption spectrum, kinetics for 1,2-H migration and mechanism for reaction with acetic acid as determined by combined continuous and laser-flash photolysis | Bonneau, R.; Liu, Michael T. H.; Subramanian, R.; Linkletter, Barry A.; Stevens, I. D. R. |